Which amendment grants individuals the right to refuse to testify against themselves?

The Fifth Amendment is the correct response because it includes a crucial provision known as the right against self-incrimination. This right protects individuals from being compelled to testify against themselves during legal proceedings. The framers of the Constitution recognized the potential for abuse within the legal system, particularly regarding confession or testimony that could lead to one's own conviction. Therefore, this amendment ensures that individuals cannot be forced to offer evidence that could incriminate themselves, which is a fundamental safeguard in protecting personal liberties and the integrity of the judicial process.

In the context of the other amendments listed, while the First Amendment addresses freedoms concerning religion, expression, assembly, and the right to petition, it does not relate to self-incrimination. The Second Amendment pertains to the right to bear arms, and the Eighth Amendment addresses issues of cruel and unusual punishment. Each of these amendments serves different purposes, none of which includes the right against self-incrimination that is specifically outlined in the Fifth Amendment.