What does the Fourth Amendment protect against?

The Fourth Amendment of the United States Constitution specifically protects individuals from unreasonable searches and seizures by the government. This amendment ensures that any search or seizure must be based on probable cause and typically requires a warrant issued by a judge. This protection is fundamental in safeguarding personal privacy and property, ensuring that citizens can live without fear of arbitrary governmental intrusion. The intent of the Fourth Amendment is to uphold individual rights against the power of law enforcement and to promote a sense of security in one’s person, home, and belongings.

The other choices refer to different protections outlined in the Bill of Rights. For instance, double jeopardy is covered by the Fifth Amendment, excessive bail and fines by the Eighth Amendment, and self-incrimination also pertains to the Fifth Amendment. Each of these provisions addresses different aspects of individual rights within the judicial system, highlighting the breadth of protections afforded to citizens under the Constitution.