How can the Constitution be amended?

The Constitution can be amended through a two-step process involving proposal and ratification. This ensures that any changes are carefully considered and reflect a broad consensus.

First, an amendment can be proposed either by a two-thirds majority vote in both houses of Congress or by a national convention called by two-thirds of the state legislatures. This requirement for a supermajority reflects the Framers' intent to necessitate significant agreement before altering the foundational document of the government.

Once proposed, an amendment must then be ratified. This can occur either when three-fourths of the state legislatures approve the amendment or by convention in three-fourths of the states. This two-step procedure adds a layer of deliberation and attests to the stability and longevity of the Constitution, allowing amendments to represent a wide consensus across different states and political views.

In contrast, a simple majority in Congress does not suffice for amendments, state legislatures cannot unilaterally amend the Constitution, and the Supreme Court does not have the authority to amend the Constitution through its rulings. Instead, the Court interprets the Constitution and can influence its application but cannot change its text directly.